Client Alerts & Publications Archive

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations has released its 2019 National Exam Program Examination Priorities.

A recent court decision has provided guidance regarding the meaning of “governmental unit” under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.This determination is important because if it is a “governmental unit,” an entity would only be eligible to file a bankruptcy petition if it is a “municipality” under the Bankruptcy Code and meets the other eligibility requirements for filing a municipal bankruptcy petition.

The Securities and Exchange Commission recently issued a no-action letter which allows broker-dealers to rely on investment advisers to perform some or all of their Customer Identification Program obligations under federal anti-money laundering legislation.

The state of Colorado initiated two lawsuits against online lending platforms. The suits alleged that the platforms had violated the state’s Uniform Consumer Credit Code by charging interest and some fees in excess of those allowed under Colorado law and that the consumer loan agreements utilized a non-Colorado governing law provision, also in violation of the law.

Providers of services acting as mere conduits for parties transferring money remain protected from fraudulent conveyance actions under the United States Bankruptcy Code, at least according to a recent bankruptcy court decision in the Eleventh Circuit.

New treasury regulations proposed by the Internal Revenue Service on October 31 significantly diminish the sting of Section 956 for many US corporations that own stock in non-US corporations that have investments in US property.

In October, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York entered a final judgment against Christopher St. Lawrence, the former Supervisor of the Town of Ramapo, New York and Director of Finance and President of the Ramapo Local Development Corporation.

In two recent cases, the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that the Illinois Department of Revenue could not collect delinquent retail and sales taxes from the proceeds of assets sold pursuant to section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code.

A decision by the Court overseeing Puerto Rico’s bankruptcy-like Title III proceeding has reiterated what every secured creditor understands — perfection matters. The Court found that bondholders holding $2.9 billion in debt issued by the Employees Retirement System of the Government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico were rendered unsecured due to inadequate financing statements.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit recently affirmed decisions of a Bankruptcy Court and District Court recharacterizing an alleged lease to a disguised financing arrangement. The Court determined that the transaction was “per se” a financing, and therefore did not need to go on to analyze the economic realities of the transaction in detail.

On September 30, the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill No. 1235, which amends the California Financing Law (previously known as the Finance Lenders Law) to impose new disclosure requirements on licensed commercial lenders and brokers including for online lending programs doing business in California.

This desk reference is intended to provide an in-depth analysis of the numerous issues affecting an equipment lessor when dealing with a lessee after it has filed for bankruptcy protection.

It is common for buyers of assets in bankruptcy cases to proceed to closing even if the court’s approval of the sale is under appeal. Their willingness to do so comes in large measure thanks to Section 363(m) of the Bankruptcy Code, which protects most sales from being unwound even in the face of an otherwise meritorious appeal. 

The Internal Revenue Service recently provided excise tax relief for funds taxed as regulated investment companies that were required to increase their gross income because of the new Section 965 transition tax.

Earlier this month, Governor Jerry Brown of California signed into law a bill that sets some of the strongest clean energy standards in the world. Senate Bill 100 requires that one hundred percent of all retail sales of electricity in California come from clean energy sources by 2045.

The Jefferson County bankruptcy proceeding may have reached its culmination with a recent decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit finding an appeal of the bankruptcy court’s approval of the Jefferson County plan of adjustment as equitably moot.

On August 22, the three federal banking agencies issued an interim final rule implementing the May 2018 banking law’s requirement that investment grade, liquid and readily marketable municipal obligations be treated as Level 2B “high quality liquid assets” under the liquidity coverage ratio rule.

As an increasing number of jurisdictions have entered into intergovernmental agreements related to FATCA or agreed to mandate compliance with the OECD common reporting standard, exempt organizations are being asked to classify themselves in subscription agreements and forms provided to the investment vehicles.

On August 20, the SEC issued Release No. 34-83885 adopting amendments to Rule 15c2-12 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The amendments add two new events to the list of reportable events for which an issuer or obligated person must provide notice to the MSRB's Electronic Municipal Market Access website. 

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations issued a National Exam Program Risk Alert outlining the most common deficiencies that OCIE staff has identified in recent examinations of registered investment advisers’ best execution practices.

On February 9, President Trump signed into law the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 which retroactively extended some temporary tax breaks and includes some additional provisions which were left out of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. 

On June 14, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System issued a final rule that establishes credit limits for single counterparties of US bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations with $250 billion or more in assets, and US intermediate holding companies of covered FBOs with $50 billion or more of consolidated assets.

On June 28, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed Rule 6c-11 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and amendments to Form N-1A and Form N-8B-2 that overhaul the patchwork regulatory framework that currently governs the $3.4 trillion ETF industry.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a decision reversing a lower court’s order that designated the vote of a secured bank creditor that had purchased claims from a subset of unsecured creditors for the admitted purpose of blocking confirmation of the debtor’s plan of reorganization.

In a case of first impression, the Illinois Appellate Court has held that a condominium association does not have to first sue the prior owner of a condominium for unpaid assessments before it can seek unpaid assessments from the new owner that purchased the condominium at a foreclosure sale.

The Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board recently published its 2017 Compliance Advisory for Brokers, Dealers and Municipal Securities Dealers. The Compliance Advisory outlines several MSRB rules that the MSRB believes present key compliance risks for brokers, dealers and municipal securities dealers.

A recent decision from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has created a circuit split in how the federal circuit courts have interpreted the statute of limitations as it applies to the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.

On May 22, the House passed Senate bill S. 2155, which would amend certain Dodd-Frank provisions and, primarily for smaller banks and credit unions, provide additional regulatory relief. President Trump is expected to sign the bill, so that it will take effect as law.  

This article discuss two recent decisions that have provided some insight into what happens when a debtor files a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition as a means of redeeming sold real estate taxes.

On May 14, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued two documents entitled “Criteria for Identifying Simple, Transparent and Comparable Short-Term Securitisations” and “Capital Treatment for Simple, Transparent and Comparable Short-Term Securitisations.” 

Under 1991 US guidance, if a non-US partner sold its interest in a US partnership, the selling partner would look through to the business of the partnership and would be required to file a US tax return and pay US tax if the partnership would have had income effectively connected to a US trade or business on a deemed sale of its assets. But that guidance was reversed in a tax court case. Then the US position was reversed again in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

Recently in Hackler v. Arianna Holding Co., the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey held that a real estate tax foreclosure sale can be set aside as a preferential transfer under Section 547 of the Bankruptcy Code.

Today, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued two documents entitled “Criteria for Identifying Simple, Transparent and Comparable Short-Term Securitisations” and “Capital Treatment for Simple, Transparent and Comparable Short-Term Securitisations.”

For non-US individuals and corporations that invest in real estate within the US, the rules that subject their gains to US federal income tax generally are found under Section 897. The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act rules have often been attacked as a disincentive for overseas investors to enter the US real estate market.

On April 18, the Securities and Exchange Commission released a new interpretation addressing investment advisers’ fiduciary duties to their clients. The SEC’s proposed interpretive guidance reaffirms and clarifies duties owed by investment advisers to their clients under Section 206 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

On April 18, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed new Regulation Best Interest under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that would establish a federal standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. 

The Securities and Exchange Commission recently proposed new and amended rules and forms under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to require registered investment advisers and broker-dealers to provide a brief relationship summary to retail investors regarding their offered services, the standard of conduct and fees associated with the services.

Today, the Securities and Exchange Commission voted 4 to 1 to propose highly anticipated new and amended rules and guidance relating to registered investment advisers’ and broker-dealers’ conduct and interactions with retail customers.

On April 9, 2018, Judge Martin Glenn of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, in In re Avanti Communications Group PLC, held that non-consensual third-party releases included in a U.K. scheme of arrangement were enforceable under chapter 15 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations recently published a Risk Alert that highlights frequently-identified investment adviser fee and expense compliance issues from exams of over 1,500 investment adviser examinations during the past two years.

Chapman’s "Defaulted Securities: The Guide for Trustees and Bondholders" advances understanding and consideration of issues related to trustees and bondholders in both corporate and municipal financings.

This article describes the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on securitization transactions. The article addresses in detail the new limitation on the deduction for business interest expense as well as the requirement that the transferee of an equity interest in a partnership engaged in a US trade or business withhold 10% of the amount realized unless the transferor certifies that it is a US person. 

The question of what happens when a debtor files a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition as a means of redeeming sold real estate taxes is being addressed throughout the country with more regularity. Recently, bankruptcy courts in Illinois and Georgia have provided some insight into how this question should be answered.

In light of the increasing significance of cybersecurity incidents, the SEC published a press release and additional Commission-level guidance regarding disclosure obligations relating to cybersecurity risks and incidents, which reinforces and expands upon the SEC staff guidance provided in 2011 and addresses two additional topics.

Although recent legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act retained Section 956 of the Internal Revenue Code (and its notorious deemed dividend issue), the enactment of other changes may reduce the impact of Section 956 on taxpayers.

The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit recently issued a decision in a case that involved a question of whether the risk retention requirements imposed by Section 941 of the Dodd-Frank Act required open market CLO managers to retain risk in those transactions they managed. 

The Securities and Exchange Commission’s Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations recently released its 2018 National Exam Program Examination Priorities. Highlights from the 2018 exam priorities are reviewed in this Client Alert. 

Czyzewski v. Jevic Holding Corporation made some court-watchers nervous that the decision would be applied broadly to disturb other bankruptcy-related distributions.

In a decision likely to have a far-reaching effect in the municipal debt markets, the Court overseeing Puerto Rico’s bankruptcy-like Title III proceeding ruled that holders of municipal obligations secured by a pledge of special revenues are not guaranteed payment during the pendency of a bankruptcy proceeding.